यसका लागि फोरम एसियाले, सामान्यत : मानवअधिकार रक्षक् सम्बन्धि घोषणापत्र भनिने गरेको विश्वव्यापी रुपमा मान्यताप्राप्त मानव अधिकार र मौलिक स्वतन्त्रको प्रवद्वन तथा संरक्षणगर्न व्यक्ति, समूह तथा समाजका अंगहरुको अधिकार तथा उत्तरदायित्व सम्बन्धि घोषणापत्रको वर्णनकारी हातेपुस्तिका तयार गरेको छ |

यो हातेपुस्तिका मानवअधिकार रक्षकहरुको भूमिका र अधिकारका साथसाथै उनीहरु प्रति अन्यको उत्तरदायित्व र तिनको सुरक्षा बढाउनका लागि व्यावहारिक सुचना उपलब्ध गराउने कुरालाई जोड दिनमा लक्षित छ|

https://defendingwomen-defendingrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/book3NeoWithCovereng.pdf

https://www.defendingwomen-defendingrights.org/our-work/resources

Women human rights defenders (WHRDs) are working to advance human rights and fundamental freedoms, ending discriminaton and structural violence. WHRDs in Nepal have aimed at breaking the culture of silence while championing the transformaton of women from victms to change makers. In doing so, as WHRDS we have faced serious discriminaton on the basis of our gender, work and the rights we work for. Our struggle to change patriarchal norms, values and structural violence has culminated in control over our bodies and physical integrity.

We have been targeted, critcised, threatened, intmidated, surveilled, and harassed, including online atacks because of our gender, and the work we do. At least 95% of documented incidents elucidate that to delegitmise our work, WHRDs, including their family members and intmate partners, have been subjected by state and non-state actors to domestc violence, reprisals, death threats, verbal abuses and harassments.1 WHRDs who identfy as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer (LGBTIQ) persons (including trans men), sex workers, women’s health workers, indigenous rights actvists, historically marginalised women’s rights champions, women migrant workers, women impacted by confict and poverty, women with disabilites and users of drugs, are ofen further marginalised by the social stgma they carry, increasing their exposure to violence and threats. Violence against Women (VAW) is a gross violaton of human rights. WHRDs are advocatng to end such violatons by challenging feudal and patriarchal structures, inequality and structural violence. The challenge they present to traditonally constructed norms, values, and practces gets translated into violent atacks on their bodies and minds. They are labelled as ‘troublemakers’, ‘whores’, ‘witches’ and ‘sluts’. Such stgmatsaton is rarely treated with necessary seriousness and contnues to either be ignored or regarded with very low priority. What has to be understood is that this stgmatsaton and the lack of response from the State and Community leaders ofen translates into violent acts aimed at preventng these women from contnuing their human rights work. In September 2017, prominent WHRD Rajkumari Upadhaya was assaulted in her home for over three hours by a neighbour who accused the former of being a witch and of making others ill.2 VAW is an outcome of patriarchal socio-cultural norms and practces, and ofen take places in the private sphere. The ‘culture of silence’ that surrounds these ‘private acts’ makes it difcult to deal publicly with VAW. Silence and the consequent invisibility make it difcult to gather evidence of such violatons. They are the only people who dare to make the violence faced by the victms public, ofen jeopardising their lives and their own security in the process. WHRDs face threats, warnings and ultmatums for their work. They also receive threats against their family members, with kidnapping and murder of their children. Women partcipatng in the public sphere are subject to ‘sexual baitng’ by family members and nonstate actors; they are accused of engaging in extra-marital afairs, being sexually promiscuous, and being bad mothers and women. They are accused of promotng western ideas and of breaking up families. They are also subject to domestc violence, sometmes leading to atempted murder. They have been targeted because they are women and they defend human rights.

Read more:

https://www.forum-asia.org/uploads/wp/2020/03/WP_WHRD_Chapter-on-Nepal.pdf

The consultation was able to bring together grassroots women who although with similar experience and commitment never had a chance to come together in such a forum. III The purpose of the national consultation was to bring together women human rights defenders from all over Nepal in one platform where they could share and reflect upon the experiences they face. The purpose was also to provide women defenders a safe space where they could identify and name the abuses they face by state or non state actors.

Since the consultation took place before the historical people’s movement, the political context was that of an autocratic regime, hence the proceedings capture the sentiments of the time period before the historical people’s movement.

Recognizing the provisions of human rights and fundamental freedoms guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Vienna Declaration and Plan of Action, Beijing Declaration and Plan of Action, and the Declaration of Human Rights Defenders;

Stressing the implementation of the principles of international human rights standards in relation to women’s human rights, particularly taking initiatives for the protection of women’s human rights;

Realizing the additional risks of WHRD’s due to lack of recognition, as part of the continuation of established patriarchal social mechanisms in the country;

Drawing the attention of the United Nations to immediately set up the necessary mechanisms to create accountability of concerned parties regarding the ill-treatment of WHRDs committed by state and non-state actors (family, society, religious organizations, multinational companies, armed groups);

Agreeing to equal respect of WHRDs and protection of their rights in the workplace, while the WHRDs play an important role in the movement of protection and promotion of human rights, peace and democracy;

Recognizing the important role of WHRDs to create a human rights-friendly society through identifying the risks faced by WHRDs during the time of protection and promotion of human rights and fundamental freedoms;

Declares:

1. Urges the state to create a conducive environment for respect and compliance, as well as the protection and promotion, of universal, indivisible and indispensable principles of human rights;

2. Demands state and non-state actors to create a conducive environment for the protection and promotion of human rights of women, while WHRDs face increased risks due to the deteriorating situation of human rights in the country;

3. Demands an immediate end to all forms of ill-treatment against WHRDs that is a product of increasing militarization, which is a result of the ongoing armed conflict;

4. Stresses with state and non-state actors to halt all forms of violence and ill-treatment against WHRDs that is a product of increasing impunity institutionalized by the autocratic regime in the country;

5. Emphasizes with the state to play a responsible role for the protection and promotion of human rights by ending all activities in relation to harassment of human rights defenders carried out by the state after the establishment of the King’s direct rule on February 1, 2005;

6. Demands the parties to the conflict to ensure a conducive atmosphere for human rights defenders to carry out their activities in conflict-affected areas without any restrictions respecting the principles of human rights;

7. Expresses the commitment by WHRDs to demonstrate their solidarity with the political parties, civil society, human rights organizations, lawyers, professional associations, trade unions, women, Dalits, Disabled peoples, Janajatis, etc… to achieve the goals of the ongoing democratic movement through ensuring their active participation in protest activities, while they believe that democratic polity only ensures and protects the human rights of the people;

8. Demands leadership roles for women in every sector, recognizing WHRDs’ important role in the movement for democracy, civil liberties and human rights;

9. Calls for the implementation of the 12-point Understanding signed between the seven political parties and the CPN (Maoists) on November 22, 2005 to find a peaceful solution for ending the ongoing violent conflict in the country;

10. Calls upon the democratic political parties to take initiatives for holding a constituent assembly election as the political solution to the violent conflict, while the WHRDs believe that the constituent assembly election plays an important role in establishing a sustainable peace by ensuring people’s sovereign rights thereby creating political stability in the country;

11. Demands with the CPN-Maoists to ensure the freedom of movement of human rights defenders and to create a conducive environment to carry out their independent activities in their strongholds by respecting the principles of human rights and international humanitarian laws;

12. Emphasizes that the parties to the conflict must protect the human rights of ordinary civilians and calls upon them to stop all forms of human rights violations, including killing, violence, abduction, and torture, and to respect the provisions of Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions;

13. Declares to carry out campaign activities and mobilize ordinary civilians in human rights related movements that include ending of all forms of domestic violence and assurance of full enjoyment of women’s human rights; equal rights; and citizenship rights under the mother;

14. Demands the immediate disclosure of the whereabouts of all disappeared persons at the hands of state and non-state actors, and also condemns the manhandling of women by the security forces of the autocratic regime, while the families of disappeared persons were gathered to inform the status of their missing family members inside the premises of the National Human Rights Commission on March 3, 2006;

15. Condemns the brutal killing of Januka Nepali, a WHRD based in Udayapur District, due to her involvement in safeguarding human rights of the people, and WHRDs demand with the state to create an appropriate mechanism to address such killings and take action against the perpetrators;

16. Recognizes that human rights violations occur as a form of violence, including harassment, torture and killing based on separate identity of sex (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender People) and demands with the state to create appropriate mechanisms to address the freedom to choose sexual identity and protection of their rights;

17. Demands the immediate release of all illegally detained persons including human rights defenders, political prisoners, lawyers, etc.

March 4, 2006

महिलाअधिकारलाई मानवअधिकारको अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतिबद्धताअनुरूपकै व्यवहारमा कार्यान्वयन र महिलाका मानवअधिकार संरक्षणका लागि विशेष कदम चाल्नुपर्नेमा जोड दिँदै,

पितृसत्तात्मक सामाजिक संरचनाहरूले प्रतिपादन गरेका मूल्य र मान्यताका कारण महिला मानवअधिकार रक्षकहरूको कामले मान्यता प्राप्त गरिनसकेकोे तथा उनीहरू मानवअधिकार रक्षकका रूपमा स्थापित हुन नसकेका कारणले महिला मानवअधिकार रक्षकहरू थप जोखिममा पर्नुपर्ने तथ्यलाई स्वीकार गर्दै, महिला मानवअधिकार रक्षकमाथि राज्यका साथै परिवार, समाज, धार्मिक सङ्घसंस्था, बहुराष्ट्रिय कम्पनी, हतियारधारी समूहजस्ता विभिन्न गैरराज्य पक्षहरूसमेत जिम्मेवार भएका कारण उनीहरूलाई महिला मानवअधिकार रक्षकहरूप्रति गरिएको ब्यवहारका निमित्त उत्तरदायी बनाउन आवश्यक संयन्त्रको अविलम्ब निर्माण गर्नुपर्ने आवश्यकतातर्फ संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घसमेतको ध्यानाकर्षण गराउँदै, 

मानवअधिकारको संरक्षण तथा सम्बद्र्धन, शान्ति र लोकतन्त्रका लागि गरिने आन्दोलनहरू एवम् मानवअधिकार, नागरिक स्वतन्त्रताका आन्दोलनहरूमा महिला मानवअधिकार रक्षकहरूको अहम् भूमिका भएको यथार्थको उच्च मूल्याङ्कन गर्दै उनीहरूको कार्यक्षेत्रमा पुरुष मानवअधिकार रक्षकसरह सम्मान तथा संरक्षण हुनुपर्नेमा समेत सहमत हँुदैं, 

मानवअधिकार तथा मौलिक स्वतन्त्रताहरूको संरक्षण तथा सम्बद्र्धनका कार्यमा महिला मानवअधिकार रक्षकहरूले सामना गर्नुपरेका जोखिमको पहिचान गर्दै मानवअधिकारपूर्ण समाज निर्माणमा महिला मानवअधिकार रक्षकको महत्वपूर्ण भूमिकालाई स्वीकार गर्दै,

यो घोषणापत्र जारी गर्दछ ः 

१.    मानवअधिकारका सर्वव्यापी, अविभाज्य तथा अन्तर्निहित सिद्धान्त तथा मान्यताहरूको संरक्षण तथा सम्बद्र्धनको दायित्व राज्यको भएकाले यसको सम्मान तथा पालनाका लागि राज्यले नै उपयुक्त वातावरण तयार गर्न आग्रह गरिन्छ । 

२.    मानवअधिकारको स्थिति जर्जर बन्दै गइरहेको वर्तमान समयमा महिला मानवअधिकार रक्षकले थप जोखिमको सामना गरिरहेका सन्दर्भमा उनीहरूको मानवअधिकारको संरक्षण तथा सम्बद्र्धनका लागि उपयुक्त वातावरण सुनिश्चित गर्न सम्बन्धित सबै पक्ष (राज्य तथा गैरराज्य) हरूसँग माग गरिन्छ । 

३.    सशस्त्र द्वन्द्वका कारण राज्यमा बढ्दै गएको सैनिकीकरण र त्यसका परिणामस्वरूप महिला तथा महिला मानवअधिकार रक्षकहरूमाथि सुरक्षाकर्मीहरूबाट हुँदै आएको दुव्र्यवहार तत्काल बन्द गर्न माग गरिन्छ । 

४.      देशमा विद्यमान निरङ्कुश राज्य व्यवस्थाका कारण बढदो दण्डहीनताका परिणामस्वरूप महिलाहरूमाथि गैरराज्यपक्षसमेतबाट व्यापकरूपमा भइरहेको हिंसा र दुव्र्यवहार तत्काल अन्त्य गर्न माग गरिन्छ । 

५.    राजाको प्रत्यक्ष शासन प्रारम्भ भएयता मानवअधिकार रक्षकहरूलाई राज्यका तर्फबाट निरन्तर निरुत्साहित गर्ने विभिन्न प्रकारका गतिविधिहरू सञ्चालन भइरहेकाले राज्यसँग त्यस्ता कार्य अविलम्ब बन्द गर्दै मानवअधिकारको संरक्षण र सम्बद्र्धनका कार्यमा जिम्मेवार राज्यको भूमिका निर्वाह गर्न माग गरिन्छ । 

६.    मानवअधिकारको सम्मानस्वरूप समस्त मानवअधिकार रक्षकहरूलाई बिनाअवरोध द्वन्द्वग्रस्त क्षेत्रमा समेत निर्वाधरूपमा आफ्ना गतिविधिहरू सञ्चालन गर्ने वातावरण सुनिश्चित गर्ने माग गरिन्छ । 

७.    मानवअधिकारको संरक्षण तथा सम्बद्र्धन लोकतान्त्रिक पद्धतिमा मात्र सुनिश्चित हुने भएकाले राजनीतिक दलहरू, नागरिक समाज, मानवअधिकारकर्मी संस्थाहरू, पत्रकार, कानुन व्यावसायी, पेशागत महासङ्घका सदस्यहरू, श्रमिक सङ्गठनहरू, महिला, दलित, अपाङ्ग, जनजातिलगायतका समाजका सम्पूर्ण अङ्गहरू समाहित भएको लोकतन्त्रको आन्दोलनप्रति ऐक्यबद्धता जनाउँदै लोकतन्त्रको आन्दोलनमा महिला मानवअधिकार रक्षकहरूका तर्फबाट सव्रिmयरूपमा सहभागी भई लोकतन्त्रको आन्दोलनलाई सफल बनाउने प्रतिबद्धता जाहेर गरिन्छ । 

८.     लोकतन्त्र, नागरिक स्वतन्त्रता तथा मानवअधिकारका लागि सञ्चालित सबै तह र तप्काका आन्दोलनहरूमा महिला मानवअधिकार रक्षकहरूको सहभागिता तथा जिम्मेवारी अहम् भएको यथार्थलाई स्वीकार गरी सबै तहको नेतृत्व भूमिकामा महिलाहरूको अग्रणी स्थानका सम्बन्धित सबै पक्षसँग जोड्दार माग गरिन्छ । 

९.    वि.सं. २०६२ मङ्सिर ७ मा सात राजनीतिक दलहरू र ने.क.पा. (माओवादी) का बीचमा हस्ताक्षरित १२ बँुदे समझदारीपत्र देशमा जारी हिंसात्मक द्वन्द्वको शान्तिपूर्ण निकासका लागि उपयुक्त र आवश्यक भएकाले उक्त सहमतिपत्रलाई वर्तमान अवस्थामा सकारात्मक रूपले मूल्याङ्कन गर्दै सहमतिपत्रमा उल्लेखित प्रावधानहरूको इमानदारीपूर्वक यथाशीघ्र कार्यान्वयन गर्न सम्बन्धित पक्षहरूसँग आव्हान् गर्दछ ।

१०.    संविधानसभाको निर्वाचनले नै जनताको सार्वभौम अधिकार सुनिश्चित गर्ने र राजनीतिक स्थिरताका साथ देशमा दिगो शान्ति स्थापनामा महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्ने भएकाले उपयुक्त राजनीतिक निकासका लागि संविधानसभाको निर्वाचनमार्फत् सशस्त्र द्वन्द्वको अन्त्यका निम्ति पहल गर्न देशका लोकतान्त्रिक शक्तिहरूसँग आग्रह गरिन्छ । 

११.    मानवअधिकार तथा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मानवीय कानुनहरूको पालना गर्न समस्त मानवअधिकार रक्षकहरूलाई जुनसुकै क्षेत्रमा निर्वाध आवागमन सुनिश्चित गर्न, मानवअधिकार अनुगमन गर्न तथा सम्बद्ध गतिविधिहरू सञ्चालन गर्र्र्ने वातावरण प्रत्याभूतका लागि ने.क.पा. (माओवादी) सँग आग्रह गरिन्छ । 

१२.     सशस्त्र द्वन्द्वका समयमा पालना गर्नुपर्ने जेनेभा महासन्धिको साझा धारा ३ ले सुनिश्चित गरेका   मानवीय कानुनहरूको सम्मान गर्दैे युद्धमा सहभागी नभएका सर्वसाधारण व्यक्तिको मानवअधिकारको संरक्षण गर्न र हत्या, हिंसा, अपहरण, यातनाजस्ता गम्भीर मानवअधिकार उल्लङ्घनका घटना नदोहो¥याउन युद्धरत पक्षहरूसँग जोड्दार माग गरिन्छ । 

१३.    घरेलु हिंसालगायत महिलामाथि हुने सबै प्रकारका भेदभावको अन्त्य र व्यावहारिक रूपमा महिलाअधिकारको प्रत्याभूति, अन्याय तथा अत्याचारका विरुद्धमा सङ्गठित हुन, समान अधिकारका लागि आन्दोलित हुन एवम् आमाका नामबाट छोराछोरीलाई नागरिकता दिलाउन पाउनुपर्नेजस्ता मानवअधिकारसँग प्रत्यक्ष सरोकार राख्ने आन्दोलनमा सव्रिmयताका साथ भाग लिने र यी उद्देश्यका निमित्त समस्त समाजलाई परिचालन गर्ने घोषणा गरिन्छ । 

१४.     राज्य तथा विद्रोही पक्षसँग वेपत्ता पारिएका सम्पूर्ण नागरिकहरू तथा विशेषरूपमा महिलाको अवस्था तत्काल सार्वजनिक गर्ने माग गरिन्छ । साथै राज्यबाट वेपत्ता पारिएका परिवारका सदस्यहरू राष्ट्रिय मानवअधिकार आयोगमा जानकारी दिन गएका महिलाहरूमाथि निरङ्कुश राज्यव्यवस्थाका सुरक्षाकर्मीहरूबाट गरिएको अमानवीय दुव्र्यवहारप्रति घोर भत्र्सना गरिन्छ ।  

१५.     उदयपुर जिल्लाका महिला मानवअधिकार रक्षक श्री जानुका नेपालीको मानवअधिकार रक्षामा संलग्न भएका कारण गरिएको निर्मम हत्याको भत्र्सना गर्दै त्यस्तो व्रिmयाकलापको जिम्मेवारी राज्यपक्षबाट लिई यस्ता घटनालाई उचितरूपमा सम्बोधन गर्ने संयन्त्र निर्माण गर्न माग  गरिन्छ । 

१६.     यौनिकताका आधारमा गरिने सबै प्रकारका हिंसासमेत मानवअधिकार हनन भएकाले व्यक्तिको  यौनव्यवहार तथा यौन पहिचानका कारण हुने गरेका अपहेलना, दुव्र्यवहार, यातना र हत्या तुरुन्त बन्द गर्दै त्यस्ता हिंसालाई सम्बोधन गर्ने संयन्त्रको निर्माण गरी व्यक्तिको यौनव्यवहारको स्वतन्त्रताको उचित संरक्षणको व्यवस्था गर्न राज्यसँग माग गरिन्छ । 

१७.     मानवअधिकार रक्षक, राजबन्दी, पत्रकार, कानुन व्यावसायीलगायत गैरकानुनी थुनामा रहेका सबैको तुरुन्त रिहाइको माग गरिन्छ । 

 २०६२ फागुन २० गते ।

The purpose of the national consultation was to bring together women human rights
defenders from all over Nepal in one platform where they could share and reflect
upon the experiences they face. The purpose was also to provide women defenders
a safe space where they could identify and name the abuses they face by state or non
state actors.
Since the consultation took place before the historical people’s movement, the political
context was that of an autocratic regime, hence the proceedings capture the sentiments
of the time period before the historical people’s movement.